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Euphorbia arnottiana

Endl. (1836)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia

‘akoko [akoko], ‘ekoko [ekoko], koko, kōkōmālei [kokomalei]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs.

Stems: Stems erect to spreading, 0.5–1.5(–2) m long, branches slender, flexuous, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, distichous. Blades ovate to broadly lanceolate, 17–50 mm long, 10–30 mm wide. Apex acute to acuminate, sometimes retuse. Base rounded to obtuse, oblique. Surfaces glabrous. Margins serrate. Petioles 1.5–4 mm long, pilose above. Stipules triangular, 0.5–1 mm long, erose, ciliate.

Flowers: Flowers in cyathia in branched, cymose inflorescences or occasionally solitary in the leaf axils, peduncles 1–2(–3) mm long, glabrous. involucre campanulate, 1.5–2(–2.5) mm high, 1.5–2 mm wide, glabrous to pilose beneath the glands, glands 4, green. Flowers unisexual and highly reduced. Pistillate flowers solitary, on a gynophore; staminate flowers in 5 groups or cymules, each with 1 to several flowers. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Male flower reduced to a single stamen, with an articulation at junction of pedicel and filament, subtended by slender bracteoles. Ovary superior; styles white to pink, bifid almost ½ their length, 0.3–0.5 mm long; stigma thickened.

Fruit: Capsules green; 2–3 mm long; glabrous to villous along the sutures; glabrate at maturity; gynophores recurved; exserted 2–3 mm from involucre; pilose. Seeds white to brown; 1.5–1.7 mm long; transversely rugose.

Ploidy: 2n = ca. 38*

Habitat: Dry shrubland and mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 300–600 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 184 (1836)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:604 (O [as Chamaesyce arnottiana]); Govaerts et al. 2000:674 (NOM:Syn. C. arnottiana = Euphorbia arnottiana); Steinmann & Porter 2002/Yang & Berry 2011 (molecular support for nesting of Chamaesyce within Euphorbia)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Obata, J. 5974 Oahu US 10/30/1977
2 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On a dry, windblown slope in shade of native trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN John Obata s.n. Oahu PTBG 10/25/1971
3 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN V. J.K. 611029022 UBC 10/29/1961
4 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Mesic summer-dry forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & j. obata 5974 Oahu US 10/30/1977
5 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & j. obata 5974 Oahu US 10/30/1977
6 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8101 Oahu US 6/4/1932
7 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8101 Maui US 6/4/1932
8 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. obata 77-318 Oahu US
9 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J. K. 77-318 Oahu US 9/1/1977
10 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 1578.O Oahu US 4/12/2010
11 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Mesic summer-dry forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Obata, J. 5974 Oahu US 10/30/1977
12 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener 8101 YPM 6/4/1932
13 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 103 Oahu BISH 2/6/1905
14 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kores, P.J. s.n. Oahu BISH 7/1/1981
15 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 1578.o Oahu US 4/12/1910
16 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s.n. Oahu BISH
17 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Under dense Aleurites canopy. Sp. achieves best performance on mesic slopes above the streambed, PRC 838. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 1710 Oahu BISH 8/26/1984
18 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Lower forest, in shade in rich dry forest, Sideroxylon, Dracaena, Pittosporum, Eugenia rariflora, Ochrosia, Neraudia, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hatheway, W.H. 501 Oahu BISH 12/19/1950
19 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information ground cover 5-10 cm deep in partial shade PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. obata, j. collector number: 5974 Oahu BISH 10/30/1977
20 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kores, p.j. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 7/1/1981
21 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2528.o Oahu BISH 1/8/1919
22 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2463.o Oahu BISH 4/11/1917
23 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On loamy slopes abore the streambed. Dominant local associates include: Diospyros ferrea subsp. sandwicensis, Hedyotis acuminata, and Blechnum occidentale. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 1711 Oahu BISH 8/26/1986
24 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On steep banks. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN sohmer, s.h. o`connor, p.; obata, j. collector number: 11951 Oahu BISH 11/27/1983
25 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In opening forest among shrubs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Egler, F.E. 37-202 Oahu BISH 7/20/1937
26 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Fairly protected moist gully with Athyrium sandwicense, Cibotium splendens, Lobelia grayana, many other ferns, ohia, koa nearby. Dryish gulch with pools, dry waterfalls. Cyanea about 20 ft. from gully boulders, protected by vertical, sparsely vegetated cliffs at least 80 ft. high. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN obata, j.k. collector number: 77-318 Maui BISH 9/1/1977
27 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2503.o Oahu BISH 5/4/1917
28 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Under dense Aleurites canopy. Sp. achieves best performance on mesic slopes above the streambed, PRC 838. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. pyle, l. collector number: 1710 Oahu BISH 8/26/1984
29 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2463.O Oahu BISH 4/11/1917
30 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In opening forest among shrubs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN egler, f.e. collector number: 37-202 Oahu BISH 7/20/1937
31 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On slopes of the ridge in mesic, summer-dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5974 Oahu BISH 10/30/1977
32 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Gregarious understory on forested East slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 21182 Oahu BISH 12/19/1950
33 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In a clearing within a Cordyline colony, near Pittosporum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. obata, j.; tate, b.; pyle, l. collector number: 2246 Oahu BISH 6/16/1985
34 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native srub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8101 Molokai BISH 6/4/1932
35 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 103 Oahu BISH 10/1/1965
36 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1578.O Oahu BISH 4/12/1910
37 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Mesic summer-dry forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5974 Oahu BISH 10/30/1977
38 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Under a canopy of Psidium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J.K. 77-318 Oahu BISH 9/1/1977
39 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. obata, j. collector number: 5974 Hawaii BISH 10/30/1977
40 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2503.O Oahu BISH 5/4/1917
41 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2528.O Oahu BISH 1/1/1919
42 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Disturbed mesic forest of Psidium cattleianum and Schinus terebinthifolius, with Myrsine lessertiana, Pittosporum glabrum, Psydrax odorata, Bidens sandwicensis, Ageratina riparia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. puttock, c. collector number: 2004-37 Oahu BISH 4/23/2004
43 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Common on open wooded slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8101 Oahu BISH 6/4/1932
44 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Disturbed mesic forest of Psidium cattleianum and Schinus terebinthifolius, with Myrsine lessertiana, Pittosporum glabrum, Psydrax odorata, Bidens sandwicensis, Ageratina riparia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 2004-37 Oahu BISH 4/23/2004
45 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On steep banks. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Sohmer, S.H. 11951 Oahu BISH 11/27/1983
46 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Gregarious understory on forested East slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. hatheway, w.h. collector number: 21182 Oahu BISH 12/19/1950
47 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing in entisol (soil) on talus. Under closed canopy of Aleurites & Acacia, w/ Canthium, Diospyros, & Schinus subcanopy. Shrub layer dominated by Cordyline, and herb layer by Oplismenus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2140 Oahu BISH 9/10/1978
48 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener 8101 DUKE
49 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On loamy slopes abore the streambed. Dominant local associates include: Diospyros ferrea subsp. sandwicensis, Hedyotis acuminata, and Blechnum occidentale. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. pyle, l. collector number: 1711 Oahu BISH 8/26/1986
50 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Lower forest, in shade in rich dry forest, Sideroxylon, Dracaena, Pittosporum, Eugenia rariflora, Ochrosia, Neraudia, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hatheway, w.h. degener, o. collector number: 501 Oahu BISH 12/19/1950
51 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In a clearing within a Cordyline colony, near Pittosporum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 2246 Oahu BISH 6/16/1985
52 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Mesic, summer dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 5974 Oahu PTBG 10/30/1977
53 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Diospyros- Metrosideros- Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 23226 Oahu PTBG 1/15/2013
54 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1578.o Oahu BISH 4/12/1910
55 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oahu BISH
56 Euphorbia arnottiana Endl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 2140 Oahu BISH 9/10/1978
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